{"id":2334,"date":"2019-01-03T16:28:05","date_gmt":"2019-01-03T08:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=2334"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:35:22","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T04:35:22","slug":"javascript-prototype%e5%8e%9f%e5%9e%8b-%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=2334","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript Prototype(\u539f\u578b) \u65b0\u624b\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Prototype\uff08\u539f\u578b\uff09<\/strong> \u662f JavaScript \u5bf9\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u628a\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6df1\uff1b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u8d70\u5230\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff1ahttps:\/\/tylermcginnis.com\/beginners-guide-to-javascript-prototype\/<\/a>\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u6309\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001Object.create<\/code> \u548c\u539f\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5168\u90e8\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u5b8c\u5e94\u80fd\u5206\u6e05 functional \/ prototypal<\/strong> \u4e24\u79cd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u7528 Object.create<\/code>\u3001hasOwnProperty<\/code> \u548c instanceof<\/code> \u5224\u65ad\u5c5e\u6027\u843d\u5728\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fd8\u662f\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u6a21\u5f0f<\/th>\n\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u54ea<\/th>\n\u8981\u70b9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e00\u4efd<\/td>\n\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\n\u62bd\u5230\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u518d\u6302<\/td>\n\u591a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u51fd\u6570<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Object.create<\/td>\n\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u539f\u578b<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7528 new<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u539f\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/td>\nConstructor.prototype<\/td>\nnew \u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u4e0a\u539f\u578b\u94fe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587 | https:\/\/tylermcginnis.com\/beginners-guide-to-javascript-prototype\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728 JavaScript \u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 JavaScript \u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8<\/h2>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728 JavaScript \u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f JavaScript \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f60\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8bdd\u867d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b66\u4e60 JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u952e\/\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

let animal = {}\nanimal.name = 'Leo'\nanimal.energy = 10\n \nanimal.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nanimal.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nanimal.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u52a8\u7269\u65f6\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f Functional Instantiation<\/code>(\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u79f0\u4e3a constructor function<\/code>(\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570) \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u201c\u6784\u9020\u201d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
Functional Instantiation (\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)<\/h3>\n
 <\/p>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
function Animal (name, energy) {\n  let animal = {}\n  animal.name = name\n  animal.energy = energy\n \n  animal.eat = function (amount) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n    this.energy += amount\n  }\n \n  animal.sleep = function (length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n    this.energy += length\n  }\n \n  animal.play = function (length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n    this.energy -= length\n  }\n \n  return animal\n}\n \nconst leo = Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = Animal('Snoop', 10)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u52a8\u7269\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u201d\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u52a8\u7269\u7684 name<\/code> \u548cenergy<\/code> \u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5173 \u2013 eat<\/code>\uff0csleep<\/code> \u548c play<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u90fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u901a\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u52a8\u7269\u65f6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u7269\u4f53\u90fd\u6bd4\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4f60\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u6b21\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u52a8\u7269\u65f6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u5f15\u7528\u90a3\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e86?\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a Functional Instantiation with Shared Methods<\/code>(\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316) \u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u5570\u55e6 \u200d \u3002<\/p>\n
Functional Instantiation with Shared Methods (\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)<\/h3>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
const animalMethods = {\n  eat(amount) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n    this.energy += amount\n  },\n  sleep(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n    this.energy += length\n  },\n  play(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n    this.energy -= length\n  }\n}\n \nfunction Animal (name, energy) {\n  let animal = {}\n  animal.name = name\n  animal.energy = energy\n  animal.eat = animalMethods.eat\n  animal.sleep = animalMethods.sleep\n  animal.play = animalMethods.play\n \n  return animal\n}\n \nconst leo = Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = Animal('Snoop', 10)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u5728 Animal<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6d6a\u8d39\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
Object.create<\/h3>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u518d\u6b21\u6539\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002 \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cObject.create<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0cObject.create<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5b57\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
const parent = {\n  name: 'Stacey',\n  age: 35,\n  heritage: 'Irish'\n}\n \nconst child = Object.create(parent)\nchild.name = 'Ryan'\nchild.age = 7\n \nconsole.log(child.name) \/\/ Ryan\nconsole.log(child.age) \/\/ 7\nconsole.log(child.heritage) \/\/ Irish\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a child<\/code> \u662f\u901a\u8fc7 Object.create(parent)<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5f53\u5728 child<\/code> \u4e2d\u67e5\u627e\u5c5e\u6027\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0cJavaScript \u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u67e5\u627e\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9 parent<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f child<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709 heritage<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u67e5\u627e child.heritage<\/code> \u65f6\u4f60\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 parent<\/code> \u7684heritage<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373 Irish<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u4ee3\u7801\u5462\uff1f\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u59d4\u6258\u7ed9animalMethods<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4e00\u6837\u9010\u4e2a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 Animal<\/code> \u4e2d\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a Functional Instantiation with Shared Methods and Object.create<\/code>(\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u548cObject.create\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)  \u3002<\/p>\n
Functional Instantiation with Shared Methods and Object.create (\u4f7f\u7528\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u548cObject.create\u8fdb\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)<\/h3>\n
 <\/p>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
const parent = {\n  name: 'Stacey',\n  age: 35,\n  heritage: 'Irish'\n}\n \nconst child = Object.create(parent)\nchild.name = 'Ryan'\nchild.age = 7\n \nconsole.log(child.name) \/\/ Ryan\nconsole.log(child.age) \/\/ 7\nconsole.log(child.heritage) \/\/ Irish\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6240\u4ee5\u73b0\u5728\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528 leo.eat<\/code> \u65f6\uff0cJavaScript \u4f1a\u5728 leo<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e eat<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u67e5\u627e\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86 Object.create<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9 animalMethods<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u627e\u5230 eat<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u633a\u597d\u7684\u3002 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u8fdb\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8de8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08animalMethods<\/code>\uff09\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u70b9\u201chacky\u201d\u3002 \u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u60a8\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u529f\u80fd\u3002 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u539f\u56e0 \u2013 prototype(\u539f\u578b) \u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u7a76\u7adf\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f JavaScript \u7684 prototype\uff08\u539f\u578b\uff09\u5462\uff1f \u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cJavaScript \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 prototype \u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u6765\u4eb2\u81ea\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
function doThing () {}\nconsole.log(doThing.prototype) \/\/ {}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 animalMethods<\/code> \uff09\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u5728 Animal<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u7684 prototype(\u539f\u578b) \u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u59d4\u6258\u7ed9 animalMethods<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u59d4\u6258Animal.prototype<\/code>\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a Prototypal Instantiation<\/code>(\u539f\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)\u3002<\/p>\n
Prototypal Instantiation (\u539f\u578b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316)<\/h3>\n
 <\/p>\n
JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n
function Animal (name, energy) {\n  let animal = Object.create(Animal.prototype)\n  animal.name = name\n  animal.energy = energy\n \n  return animal\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nconst leo = Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = Animal('Snoop', 10)\n \nleo.eat(10)\nsnoop.play(5)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u9f13\u638c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u53ea\u662f JavaScript \u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8e Animal<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61Animal.prototype<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\uff0c\u8d70\u8d77\uff01<\/h2>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e09\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 JavaScript \u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u201c\u5185\u7f6e\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1f \u6b63\u5982\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u731c\u6d4b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f13\u6162\u800c\u6709\u6761\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 JavaScript \u4e2d\u7684 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b83\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709 return<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  let animal = Object.create(Animal.prototype)\n  animal.name = name\n  animal.energy = energy\n \n  return animal\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    new<\/code> \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u9177\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u9690\u5f0f(\u5f15\u64ce)\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a this<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u6765\u663e\u793a\u5728\u5e55\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  \/\/ const this = Object.create(Animal.prototype)\n \n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n \n  \/\/ return this\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u53bb\u6389\u6ce8\u91ca\u540e\uff1a<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa this<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nconst leo = Animal('Leo', 7)\nconsole.log(leo) \/\/ undefined\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u662f Pseudoclassical Instantiation<\/code>(\u4f2a\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316) \u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c JavaScript \u4e0d\u662f\u60a8\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u201cWTF\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb6\u4f19\u53ea\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u7248\u672c\u201d \u2013 \u4f60<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4eba\uff0cClass(\u7c7b) \u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u542c\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u719f\u6089\uff1f\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u65e7 JavaScript \u51fd\u6570\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e JavaScript \u201c\u5f15\u64ce\u201d \u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u3002 JavaScript \u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u201c\u6b7b\u201d \u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5e76\u7531 TC-39\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a \u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5373\u4f7f JavaScript \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b98\u65b9\u89c4\u8303\u4e2d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662fTC-39\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 2015\u5e74\uff0c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 EcmaScript\uff08\u5b98\u65b9JavaScript\u89c4\u8303\uff096 \uff0c\u652f\u6301 Classes(\u7c7b) \u548c class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684 class(\u7c7b) \u8bed\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    class Animal {\n  constructor(name, energy) {\n    this.name = name\n    this.energy = energy\n  }\n  eat(amount) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n    this.energy += amount\n  }\n  sleep(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n    this.energy += length\n  }\n  play(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n    this.energy -= length\n  }\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5f88\u5e72\u51c0\u662f\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n
    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u82b1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u65e7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f \u539f\u56e0\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u4f7f\u7528 class<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684 \u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u201d\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3 ES6 \u7c7b\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u7406\u89e3\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e ES6 Classes(\u7c7b) \u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 JavaScript \u2013 \u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 ES6 \u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 JavaScript \u539f\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002 \u672c\u6587\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002 \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u7406\u89e3 JavaScript \u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u653e\u5728\u7c7b\uff08\u6216\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b Array<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 \u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    const friends = []\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Array<\/code> \u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7cd6\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    const friendsWithSugar = [] const friendsWithoutSugar = new Array()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u672a\u60f3\u8fc7\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u6240\u6709\u5185\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\uff08splice<\/code> , slice<\/code>, pop<\/code> \u7b49\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n
    \u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Array.prototype<\/code> \u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Array<\/code> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u5c06\u8be5\u59d4\u6258\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a Array.prototype<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u5730 console.log(Array.prototype)<\/code> \u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    console.log(Array.prototype)\n \n\/*\n  concat: ?n concat()\n  constructor: ?n Array()\n  copyWithin: ?n copyWithin()\n  entries: ?n entries()\n  every: ?n every()\n  fill: ?n fill()\n  filter: ?n filter()\n  find: ?n find()\n  findIndex: ?n findIndex()\n  forEach: ?n forEach()\n  includes: ?n includes()\n  indexOf: ?n indexOf()\n  join: ?n join()\n  keys: ?n keys()\n  lastIndexOf: ?n lastIndexOf()\n  length: 0n\n  map: ?n map()\n  pop: ?n pop()\n  push: ?n push()\n  reduce: ?n reduce()\n  reduceRight: ?n reduceRight()\n  reverse: ?n reverse()\n  shift: ?n shift()\n  slice: ?n slice()\n  some: ?n some()\n  sort: ?n sort()\n  splice: ?n splice()\n  toLocaleString: ?n toLocaleString()\n  toString: ?n toString()\n  unshift: ?n unshift()\n  values: ?n values()\n*\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Objects(\u5bf9\u8c61) \u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002 \u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9 Object.prototype<\/code> \uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709 toString<\/code> \u548chasOwnProperty<\/code> \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
    \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9 Class \u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53c8\u8de8\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u5462\uff1f \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u63a5\u6536\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217 Animal<\/code> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u5582\u98df\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f1a\u600e\u6837? \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a nextToEat<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function nextToEat (animals) {\n  const sortedByLeastEnergy = animals.sort((a,b) => {\n    return a.energy - b.energy\n  })\n \n  return sortedByLeastEnergy[0].name\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u5b83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 Animal.prototype<\/code> \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 nextToEat<\/code> \u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002 \u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c nextToEat<\/code> \u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Animal.prototype<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462\uff1f \u90a3\u4e48\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 nextToEat<\/code> \u653e\u5728\u4e0e Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u5e38\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    class Animal {\n  constructor(name, energy) {\n    this.name = name\n    this.energy = energy\n  }\n  eat(amount) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n    this.energy += amount\n  }\n  sleep(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n    this.energy += length\n  }\n  play(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n    this.energy -= length\n  }\n}\n \nfunction nextToEat (animals) {\n  const sortedByLeastEnergy = animals.sort((a,b) => {\n    return a.energy - b.energy\n  })\n \n  return sortedByLeastEnergy[0].name\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n \nconsole.log(nextToEat([leo, snoop])) \/\/ Leo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u7684 static<\/code>(\u9759\u6001) \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    class Animal {\n  constructor(name, energy) {\n    this.name = name\n    this.energy = energy\n  }\n  eat(amount) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n    this.energy += amount\n  }\n  sleep(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n    this.energy += length\n  }\n  play(length) {\n    console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n    this.energy -= length\n  }\n  static nextToEat(animals) {\n    const sortedByLeastEnergy = animals.sort((a,b) => {\n      return a.energy - b.energy\n    })\n \n    return sortedByLeastEnergy[0].name\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7c7b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86 nextToEat<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a static<\/code>(\u9759\u6001) \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Animal<\/code> \u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Animal.nextToEat<\/code> \u8fdb\u884c\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    const leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n \nconsole.log(Animal.nextToEat([leo, snoop])) \/\/ Leo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 ES5 \u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 static<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5728\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528ES5\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u50cf\u624b\u52a8\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nAnimal.nextToEat = function (nextToEat) {\n  const sortedByLeastEnergy = animals.sort((a,b) => {\n    return a.energy - b.energy\n  })\n \n  return sortedByLeastEnergy[0].name\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst snoop = new Animal('Snoop', 10)\n \nconsole.log(Animal.nextToEat([leo, snoop])) \/\/ Leo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b<\/h3>\n
    \u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Object.getPrototypeOf<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconst prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(leo)\n \nconsole.log(prototype)\n\/\/ {constructor: ?, eat: ?, sleep: ?, play: ?}\n \nprototype === Animal.prototype \/\/ true\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230 proto<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u67094\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cconstructor<\/code>\uff0ceat<\/code>\uff0csleep<\/code>\uff0c\u548cplay<\/code>\u3002\u90a3\u8bb2\u5f97\u901a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9getPrototypeOf<\/code>\uff0cleo<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u4e86\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5177\u6709 constructor<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u6307\u5411\u539f\u59cb\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u521b\u5efa\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740 JavaScript \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5728\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u653e\u7f6e constructor<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 instance.constructor<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8981\u70b9\u662f Object.getPrototypeOf(leo) === Animal.prototype<\/code> \u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a prototype(\u539f\u578b) \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cgetPrototypeOf<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\nconsole.log(leo.constructor) \/\/ Logs the constructor function\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u914d\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55 Animal<\/code> \u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9 Animal.prototype<\/code>\u3002 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee leo.prototype<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c leo<\/code> \u6ca1\u6709 prototype<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u67e5\u627e\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9Animal.prototype<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709 constructor<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u8bf7\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\u6765\u9605\u8bfb\u4e0a\u9762\u7684 Object.create<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
    \u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u524d\u770b\u5230\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 __proto__<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9057\u7269\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u4f7f\u7528 Object.getPrototypeOf(instance)<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u4e0a<\/h2>\n
    \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u7684 leo<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5faa\u73af leo<\/code> \u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5176\u6240\u6709\u952e\u548c\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 for in<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\n \nfor(let key in leo) {\n  console.log(`Key: ${key}. Value: ${leo[key]}`)\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4f60\u671f\u671b\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684 \u2013<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    Key: name. Value: Leo\nKey: energy. Value: 7\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684 \u2013<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    Key: name. Value: Leo\nKey: energy. Value: 7\nKey: eat. Value: function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\nKey: sleep. Value: function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\nKey: play. Value: function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f for in<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u5c06\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u6240\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u539f\u578b\u7684\u6240\u6709 \u53ef\u679a\u4e3e\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong> \u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u770b\u5230name<\/code> \u548c energy<\/code> \uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5 \u2013 eat<\/code>\uff0csleep<\/code> \u548c play<\/code> \u3002 \u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u539f\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u5728 leo<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f leo<\/code> \u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u7684\u539f\u578b\u4e0a\u3002 hasOwnProperty<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
    hasOwnProperty<\/code> \u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002 \u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u7528 for in<\/code> \u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684 hasOwnProperty<\/code> \u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    ...\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\n \nfor(let key in leo) {\n  if (leo.hasOwnProperty(key)) {\n    console.log(`Key: ${key}. Value: ${leo[key]}`)\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53ea\u662f leo<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f leo<\/code> \u539f\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    Key: name. Value: Leo\nKey: energy. Value: 7\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u5bf9 hasOwnProperty<\/code> \u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u6d88\u9664\u56f0\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.eat = function (amount) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is eating.`)\n  this.energy += amount\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.sleep = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is sleeping.`)\n  this.energy += length\n}\n \nAnimal.prototype.play = function (length) {\n  console.log(`${this.name} is playing.`)\n  this.energy -= length\n}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\n \nleo.hasOwnProperty('name') \/\/ true\nleo.hasOwnProperty('energy') \/\/ true\nleo.hasOwnProperty('eat') \/\/ false\nleo.hasOwnProperty('sleep') \/\/ false\nleo.hasOwnProperty('play') \/\/ false\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n
    \u6709\u65f6\u60a8\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 instanceof<\/code> \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u3002 \u7528\u4f8b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u89c1\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6709\u70b9\u5947\u602a\u3002 \u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    object instanceof Class\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5982\u679c object<\/code> \u662f Class<\/code> \u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u5219\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de true<\/code> \uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de false<\/code> \u3002\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {  this.name = name  this.energy = energy} function User () {} const leo = new Animal('Leo', 7) leo instanceof Animal \/\/ trueleo instanceof User \/\/ false\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    instanceof<\/code> \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u539f\u578b\u94fe\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 constructor.prototype<\/code> \u3002 \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cleo instanceof Animal<\/code> \u4e3a true<\/code> \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aObject.getPrototypeOf(leo) === Animal.prototype<\/code>\u3002 \u53e6\u5916\uff0cleo instanceof User<\/code> \u4e3a false<\/code> \uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a Object.getPrototypeOf(leo) !== User.prototype<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
    \u4f60\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0b\u9762\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nfunction User () {}\n \nconst leo = new Animal('Leo', 7)\n \nleo instanceof Animal \/\/ true\nleo instanceof User \/\/ false\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684 JavaScript \u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u800c\u88ab\u7eca\u5012\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684 pseudoclassical pattern<\/code>(\u7ecf\u5178\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u8c03\u7528 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa this<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u4e60\uff0c\u6ce8\u91ca\u6389\u7684\u884c\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u65f6\u5e55\u540e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n \nconst leo = Animal('Leo', 7)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u8ba9\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002 \u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u7684 Animal<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u59cb\u7ec8\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u5462\uff1f \u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u5b66\u5230\u7684 instanceof<\/code> \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u5c06\u662f\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002 \u90a3\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u5b57\u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002 \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  \/\/ const this = Object.create(Animal.prototype)\n \n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n \n  \/\/ return this\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6253\u5370\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
    JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
    function Animal (name, energy) {\n  if (this instanceof Animal === false) {\n    console.warn('Forgot to call Animal with the new keyword')\n  }\n \n  this.name = name\n  this.energy = energy\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528 Animal<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa Object.create<\/h3>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e Object.create<\/code> \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \uff0c\u4f46\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u662fObject.create<\/code> \u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u60a8\u771f\u6b63\u4e86\u89e3 Object.create<\/code> \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u5b83\u3002 \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 Object.create<\/code> \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u5c11\uff1f<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u7b2c1\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
      JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
      Object.create = function (objToDelegateTo) {\n \n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u73b0\u5728\u7b2c2\u70b9 \u2013 \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u70b9\u68d8\u624b\u3002 \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c\u539f\u578b\u5982\u4f55\u5728 JavaScript \u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728 Object.create<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be5\u7a7a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u7a7a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u7b2c3\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
      JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
      Object.create = function (objToDelegateTo) {\n  function Fn(){}\n  Fn.prototype = objToDelegateTo\n  return new Fn()\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u6709\u70b9\u91ce\u86ee\u662f\u5427\uff1f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u51fd\u6570 Fn<\/code> \u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a prototype<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002 \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8986\u76d6\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u67e5\u627e\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8c03\u7528 Object.create<\/code> \u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8986\u76d6 Fn<\/code>\u7684\u539f\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a objToDelegateTo<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u652f\u6301 Object.create<\/code> \u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5411\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n
      \u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 this<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528 new<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8c03\u7528\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
      JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
      const Animal = () => {}\n \nconst leo = new Animal() \/\/ Error: Animal is not a constructor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86 pseudoclassical pattern<\/code>(\u7ecf\u5178\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f) \u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0e\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709 prototype<\/code>(\u539f\u578b) \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
      JavaScript \u4ee3\u7801:<\/p>\n
      const Animal = () => {}console.log(Animal.prototype) \/\/ undefined\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \n
      \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u9760\u539f\u578b\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5148\u641e\u61c2 Object.create \u548c\u4f2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u8c08 hasOwnProperty \/ instanceof\uff1b\u7bad\u5934\u51fd\u6570\u6ca1\u6709 prototype\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f53\u6784\u9020\u5668\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      Prototype\uff08\u539f\u578b\uff09 \u662f JavaScript \u5bf9\u8c61\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u628a\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6df1\uff1b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ece\u521b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[109,105],"tags":[150],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2334"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2854,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2334\/revisions\/2854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}