{"id":616,"date":"2015-05-05T17:31:31","date_gmt":"2015-05-05T09:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=616"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:09:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T04:09:32","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3abstract-class%e4%b8%8einterface","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=616","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3abstract class\u4e0einterface"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

abstract class<\/code> \u548c interface<\/code> \u662f Java \u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u5f88\u50cf\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u4e92\u6362\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u9009\u578b\u5f88\u968f\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u5dee\u522b\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff1a\u9009\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4f60\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df\u672c\u8d28\u3001\u5bf9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5426\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u4e09\u5c42\u6765\u62c6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u201d\u4e0d\u53ea\u7b49\u4e8e\u5173\u952e\u5b57 abstract class<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u4f53<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u4fe1\u606f\u63cf\u7ed8\u5177\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u8868\u5f81\u5206\u6790\u8bbe\u8ba1\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u5706\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u5f62\u72b6\u201d\uff1b\u5f62\u72b6\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u7269\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u91cc\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u505a\u7c7b\u578b\u9690\u85cf\uff1a\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4efb\u610f\u591a\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u5bf9\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e\uff08OCP\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762<\/h2>\n

\u7528 abstract class \u5b9a\u4e49 Demo\uff1a<\/p>\n

abstract class Demo {\n    abstract void method1();\n    abstract void method2();\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7528 interface \u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
interface Demo {\n    void method1();\n    void method2();\n    ...\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
abstract class \u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u548c\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1binterface \u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684 Java \u91cc\u53ea\u80fd\u6709 static final<\/code> \u6570\u636e\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0cinterface \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 abstract class\u3002\uff08Java 8 \u8d77\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709 default \/ static \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ecd\u6309\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u6765\u9009\uff1ais-a \u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0clike-a \u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/th>\nabstract class<\/th>\ninterface<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u7ee7\u627f\u6b21\u6570<\/td>\n\u7c7b\u53ea\u80fd extends \u4e00\u6b21<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u4e2a interface<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u5199\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0<\/td>\n\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\uff1b\u540e\u6765\u624d\u6709 default<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458<\/td>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5b57\u6bb5<\/td>\n\u5e38\u91cf static final<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u542b\u4e49<\/td>\nis a<\/strong><\/td>\nlike a<\/strong>\uff08\u5b9e\u73b0\u5951\u7ea6\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7f16\u7a0b\u5c42\u9762<\/h2>\n
\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u8868\u8fbe design by contract\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65bd\u591a\u4efd\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u80fd\u7ed9\u65b9\u6cd5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\uff1b\u63a5\u53e3\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u59d4\u6258\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\u3002\u4e0d\u80fd\u5199\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd8\u6709\u7ef4\u62a4\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u65e5\u540e\u7ed9\u754c\u9762\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u4e00\u591a\u5c31\u5f88\u75db\uff1b\u82e5\u754c\u9762\u662f abstract class\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ea\u6539\u7236\u7c7b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b9e\u73b0\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u82e5\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u91cc\u590d\u5236\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdd\u53cd \u201cone rule, one place\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\uff1aDoor \u4e0e\u62a5\u8b66<\/h2>\n
abstract class \u4f53\u73b0\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u8981\u6c42\u7236\u7c7b\u4e0e\u6d3e\u751f\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728 is a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u76f8\u540c\u3002interface \u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u8005\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c65\u884c\u5951\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u6709 Door\uff0c\u80fd open<\/code> \/ close<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n
abstract class Door {\n    abstract void open();\n    abstract void close();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
interface Door {\n    void open();\n    void close();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u82e5\u8fd8\u8981\u6c42\u62a5\u8b66\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u6848\u4e00\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u628a alarm \u585e\u8fdb Door<\/h3>\n
abstract class Door {\n    abstract void open();\n    abstract void close();\n    abstract void alarm();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
interface Door {\n    void open();\n    void close();\n    void alarm();\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
class AlarmDoor extends Door {\n    void open() { ... }\n    void close() { ... }\n    void alarm() { ... }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
class AlarmDoor implements Door {\n    void open() { ... }\n    void close() { ... }\n    void alarm() { ... }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u8fdd\u53cd ISP\uff08\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\uff09\uff1a\u628a Door \u56fa\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u201c\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u201d\u6df7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f00\u95e8\u5173\u95e8\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u62a5\u8b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6539\u52a8\u800c\u8ddf\u7740\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65b9\u6848\u4e8c\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u62c6\u5f00<\/h3>\n
open\/close \u4e0e alarm \u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e94\u5206\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u91cc\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u7528 abstract class \u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u2014\u2014Java \u4e0d\u80fd\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u90fd\u7528 interface\uff0c\u53c8\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05 AlarmDoor \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u95e8\u8fd8\u662f\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e0d\u51fa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82e5\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff1aAlarmDoor \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f Door\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6709\u62a5\u8b66\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5219 Door \u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff08is a\uff09\uff0c\u62a5\u8b66\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\uff08like a\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
abstract class Door {\n    abstract void open();\n    abstract void close();\n}\ninterface Alarm {\n    void alarm();\n}\nclass AlarmDoor extends Door implements Alarm {\n    void open() { ... }\n    void close() { ... }\n    void alarm() { ... }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5bf9\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u82e5\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a AlarmDoor \u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u62a5\u8b66\u5668\u3001\u987a\u4fbf\u80fd\u5f53\u95e8\u7528\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u8981\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u90fd\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46 abstract class \u8bf4\u7684\u662f is-a\uff0cinterface \u8bf4\u7684\u662f like-a\uff1b\u9009\u578b\u5148\u95ee\u6e05\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
abstract class \u548c interface \u662f Java \u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[17],"tags":[43,39],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=616"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":619,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/616\/revisions\/619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}