{"id":622,"date":"2015-05-06T10:12:33","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T02:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=622"},"modified":"2026-08-15T16:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T08:47:34","slug":"servlet%e6%a6%82%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=622","title":{"rendered":"Servlet\u6982\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

Servlet\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5e73\u53f0\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684Java\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u7684Web\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

Servlet\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8eWeb \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684Java\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u542f\u52a8\u7684Java\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cServlet\u7531Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u8be5Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301Servlet\u7684Java\u865a\u62df\u673a\u3002
\n<\/p>\n

Java Servlet \u4e0e \u666e\u901ajava\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548cApplet \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83:<\/h3>\n

\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

* \u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709main()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

* \u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u7528\u6237\u6216\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f(\u5bb9\u5668)\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

* \u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u5b58\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5305\u542binit()\u548cdestroy()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

* Applet\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762(AWT)\uff0c\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

* Servlet \u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n

Java Servlet \u4e0e JSP(JavaServer Pages) \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83:<\/h3>\n

JavaServer Pages(JSP)\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u666e\u901a\u9759\u6001HTML\u548c\u52a8\u6001HTML\u6df7\u5408\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0cJSP\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u589e\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528Servlet\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728JSP\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u9759\u6001HTML\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u7528println\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u8f93\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u884cHTML\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5916\u89c2\u7684\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u5236\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5206\u5f00\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u9875\u9762\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u8fdb\u884cHTML\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7559\u51fa\u4f9bServlet\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u63d2\u5165\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001javax.servlet.http\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684HTTP Servlet\u5e94\u7528\u7f16\u7a0b\u63a5\u53e3<\/h2>\n

\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a HTTP Servlet\uff0c\u8bf7\u6269\u5c55 HttpServlet \u7c7b\uff0cHttpServlet \u7c7b\u5305\u542b init()\u3001destroy()\u3001service() \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d init() \u548c destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u3002HTML \u8868\u5355\u4e2d\u5178\u578b\u5730\u5305\u542b\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5(\u5982\u6587\u672c\u8f93\u5165\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u590d\u9009\u6846\u3001\u5355\u9009\u6309\u94ae\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u5217\u8868)\u548c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u5f53\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e94\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2aServlet(\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f)\u3002<\/p>\n

(1) init() \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

\u5728 Servlet \u7684\u751f\u547d\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u88c5\u5165 Servlet \u65f6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002 \u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee Servlet \u65f6\u88c5\u5165 Servlet\u3002 \u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee Servlet\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c init() \u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f3a\u7701\u7684 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b9a\u5236 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u5236 init() \u6765\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u6b21\u88c5\u5165 GIF \u2550\u255d\u2567\u0451\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb Servlet \u8fd4\u56de GIF \u2550\u255d\u2567\u0451\u548c\u542b\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u7684 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 Servlet \u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u7684 ServletConfig \u5bf9\u8c61\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c \u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u8986\u76d6 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u7684 Servlet \u5e94\u8c03\u7528 super.init() \u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ecd\u7136\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528 service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86 init() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) service() \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f Servlet \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2aHttpServlet \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u4e2a”\u8bf7\u6c42”(ServletRequest)\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a”\u54cd\u5e94”(ServletResponse)\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5728 HttpServlet \u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728 service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 do \u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u5982\u679c HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a GET\uff0c\u5219\u7f3a\u7701\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u8c03\u7528 doGet() \u3002Servlet \u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a Servlet \u652f\u6301\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\u8986\u76d6 do \u529f\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a HttpServlet.service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u8c03\u7528\u4e86\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u8986\u76d6 service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8986\u76d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 do \u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u901a\u8fc7HTML \u8868\u5355\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0cdoPost()\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e0ePOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528doPost()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u901a\u8fc7HTML \u8868\u5355\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u65f6\uff0cdoGet()\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e0eGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230URL\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u5f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528doGet()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\nServlet\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e0b\u5217\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7c7b\u578b(\u5982text\/HTML)\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u9519\u8bef\u54cd\u5e94, \u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u3001servlet\u3001JSP\u3002<\/p>\n

(3) destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505c\u6b62\u4e14\u5378\u88c5Servlet \u65f6\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u5c06 Servlet \u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u7f3a\u7701\u7684 destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8986\u76d6\u5b83\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c Servlet \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f1a\u7d2f\u8ba1\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u672a\u88c5\u5165 Servlet \u65f6\u5c06\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5378\u88c5 Servlet \u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u5728\u6240\u6709 service() \u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u8fc7\u540e\u8c03\u7528 destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aServlet \u5728\u8fd0\u884cservice() \u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf7\u786e\u8ba4\u5728\u8c03\u7528 destroy() \u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5df2\u7ec8\u6b62\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

(4) GetServletConfig()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

GetServletConfig()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a ServletConfig \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u6765\u8fd4\u56de\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u548cServletContext\u3002ServletContext \u63a5\u53e3\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173servlet \u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

(5) GetServletInfo()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

GetServletInfo()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173servlet \u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u7248\u6743\u3002
\n\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528sevlet \u7684Service()\u3001doGet()\u548cdoPost()\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5747\u9700\u8981 “\u8bf7\u6c42”\u548c”\u54cd\u5e94”\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u3002”\u8bf7\u6c42”\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c”\u54cd\u5e94”\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u9014\u5f84\u3002
\njavax.servlet \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7c7b\u4e3aServletResponse\u548cServletRequest\uff0c\u800cjavax.servlet.http \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7c7b\u4e3aHttpServletRequest \u548c HttpServletResponse\u3002<\/p>\n

Servlet \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002Servlet \u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528”\u8bf7\u6c42”\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u77e5\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u6240\u6709\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Servlet \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528”\u54cd\u5e94”\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8be5\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u53d1\u56de\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001Servlet \u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1<\/h2>\n

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