{"id":694,"date":"2015-05-27T17:32:54","date_gmt":"2015-05-27T09:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=694"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:09:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T04:09:34","slug":"java%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e4%b9%8bsocket","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=694","title":{"rendered":"JAVA\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e4bSocket"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e00\u53f0\u6216\u591a\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u5728 TCP\/IP \u91cc\uff0cIP \u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u8def\u7531\uff0cIP \u5730\u5740\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a Internet \u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

TCP \u5c42\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u9762\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u9760\uff08TCP\uff09\u6216\u975e\u53ef\u9760\uff08UDP\uff09\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5173\u5fc3 IP \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6d41\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08C\/S\uff09\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u59cb\u7ec8\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\uff1b\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u7ee7\u7eed\u542c\uff0c\u8ba9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u4e5f\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e24\u7c7b\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff1aTCP \u4e0e UDP<\/h2>\n

TCP<\/strong>\uff08Transfer Control Protocol\uff09\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u65e0\u5dee\u9519\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u3002\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a socket \u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53cc\u5411\u6536\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n

UDP<\/strong>\uff08User Datagram Protocol\uff09\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u542b\u5b8c\u6574\u6e90\/\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u8d70\u4efb\u610f\u53ef\u80fd\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u5426\u5230\u8fbe\u3001\u4f55\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u6bd4<\/th>\nUDP<\/th>\nTCP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u81ea\u5e26\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5148\u8fde\u63a5<\/td>\n\u4f20\u8f93\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6709\u63e1\u624b\u65f6\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u987b\u5728 64KB \u4e4b\u5185<\/td>\n\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\u53ef\u6309\u7edf\u4e00\u683c\u5f0f\u4f20\u5927\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/td>\n\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1<\/td>\n\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u6b63\u786e\u62ff\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528<\/td>\n\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u6e38\u620f\uff1a\u8981\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7edd\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e<\/td>\nTelnet\u3001FTP\uff1a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u957f\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u9760<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u53ef\u9760\u4f20\u8f93\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff1a\u6821\u9a8c\u5360\u7528 CPU \u548c\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002UDP \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u5c11\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u5206\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u7684 C\/S\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f Socket<\/h2>\n

\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u5411\u901a\u8baf\u8fde\u63a5\u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a Socket\u3002Socket \u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ba2\u6237\u65b9\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u65b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a IP \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u3002Socket \u652f\u6301\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u53ea TCP\/IP \u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u3002Java \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684 Socket \u7f16\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u57fa\u4e8e TCP\/IP \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1aServer \u76d1\u542c\u67d0\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cClient \u53d1\u51fa Connect\uff0cServer \u56de Accept\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u7528 Send\u3001Write \u7b49\u4e0e\u5bf9\u65b9\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u5b8c\u6574 Socket \u5de5\u4f5c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
    \u521b\u5efa Socket<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u6253\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Socket \u7684\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u6309\u534f\u8bae\u5bf9 Socket \u8bfb\/\u5199<\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u5173\u95ed Socket\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u6f14\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u65f6\u7701\u7565\u663e\u5f0f close\uff09<\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa Socket<\/h2>\n

    java.net<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b Socket<\/code>\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09\u548c ServerSocket<\/code>\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

    Socket(InetAddress address, int port);\nSocket(InetAddress address, int port, boolean stream);\nSocket(String host, int port);\nSocket(String host, int port, boolean stream);\nSocket(SocketImpl impl);\nSocket(String host, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort);\nSocket(InetAddress address, int port, InetAddress localAddr, int localPort);\nServerSocket(int port);\nServerSocket(int port, int backlog);\nServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress bindAddr);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    address\u3001host\u3001port \u662f\u5bf9\u65b9 IP\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\uff1bstream \u6307\u660e\u6d41 socket \u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u636e\u62a5 socket\uff1blocalPort \u662f\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\uff1blocalAddr \/ bindAddr \u662f\u672c\u673a\u5730\u5740\uff1bimpl \u662f socket \u7236\u7c7b\u3002backlog \u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6240\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
    Socket client = new Socket(\"127.0.0.1\", 80);\nServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(80);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u9009\u7aef\u53e3\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u30020\uff5e1023 \u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u7559\uff1aHTTP 80\uff0cFTP 21\uff0cTelnet 23\uff08\u539f\u6587\u628a ftp\/telnet \u7aef\u53e3\u5199\u53cd\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u5e94\u9009\u5927\u4e8e 1023 \u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5931\u8d25\u4f1a\u629b IOException<\/code>\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6355\u83b7\u6216\u58f0\u660e\u629b\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u7b80\u5355 Client \/ Server<\/h2>\n
    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411 127.0.0.1:4700 \u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f bye \u5c31\u53d1\u7ed9 Server\uff0c\u518d\u6253\u5370 Server \u56de\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u628a\u8f93\u5165\u6d41\u53d8\u91cf\u5199\u6210 is\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8bef\u7528\uff1b\u4e0b\u9762\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3a is\u3002<\/p>\n
    import java.io.*;\nimport java.net.*;\npublic class TalkClient {\n    public static void main(String args[]) {\n        try {\n            Socket socket = new Socket(\"127.0.0.1\", 4700);\n            \/\/ \u5411\u672c\u673a\u7684 4700 \u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u51fa\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\n            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));\n            PrintWriter os = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());\n            BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));\n            String readline = sin.readLine();\n            while (!readline.equals(\"bye\")) {\n                os.println(readline);\n                os.flush();\n                System.out.println(\"Client:\" + readline);\n                System.out.println(\"Server:\" + is.readLine());\n                readline = sin.readLine();\n            }\n            os.close();\n            is.close();\n            socket.close();\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            System.out.println(\"Error\" + e);\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728 4700 \u76d1\u542c\uff0caccept \u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5faa\u73af\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import java.io.*;\nimport java.net.*;\npublic class TalkServer {\n    public static void main(String args[]) {\n        try {\n            ServerSocket server = null;\n            try {\n                server = new ServerSocket(4700);\n            } catch (Exception e) {\n                System.out.println(\"can not listen to:\" + e);\n            }\n            Socket socket = null;\n            try {\n                socket = server.accept(); \/\/ accept() \u963b\u585e\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\n            } catch (Exception e) {\n                System.out.println(\"Error.\" + e);\n            }\n            BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));\n            PrintWriter os = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());\n            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));\n            System.out.println(\"Client:\" + is.readLine());\n            String line = sin.readLine();\n            while (!line.equals(\"bye\")) {\n                os.println(line);\n                os.flush();\n                System.out.println(\"Server:\" + line);\n                System.out.println(\"Client:\" + is.readLine());\n                line = sin.readLine();\n            }\n            os.close();\n            is.close();\n            socket.close();\n            server.close();\n        } catch (Exception e) {\n            System.out.println(\"Error:\" + e);\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5ba2\u6237<\/h2>\n
    \u5b9e\u9645\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u591a\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\uff1a\u6c38\u4e45\u76d1\u542c\uff0c\u4e00\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u542f\u52a8\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u9a6c\u4e0a\u56de\u5230\u76d1\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n
    ServerSocket serverSocket = null;\nboolean listening = true;\ntry {\n    serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4700);\n} catch (IOException e) { }\nwhile (listening) { \/\/ \u6c38\u8fdc\u5faa\u73af\u76d1\u542c\n    new ServerThread(serverSocket.accept(), clientnum).start();\n    clientnum++;\n}\nserverSocket.close();<\/code><\/pre>\n
    public class ServerThread extends Thread {\n    Socket socket = null;\n    int clientnum;\n    public ServerThread(Socket socket, int num) {\n        this.socket = socket;\n        clientnum = num + 1;\n    }\n    public void run() {\n        try {\n            \/\/ \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\n        } catch (Exception e) { }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u516d\u3001Datagram \u901a\u8baf<\/h2>\n
    \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u9664 TCP \u8fd8\u6709 UDP\u3002HTTP\u3001FTP\u3001SMTP \u7b49\u7528 TCP\uff1b\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\uff08\u7f51\u6e38\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u4f1a\u8bae\uff09\u5e38\u7528 UDP\u3002\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u50cf\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5fc5\u8fbe\uff1b\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 TCP \u50cf\u7535\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n
    DatagramSocket<\/code> \u5efa\u7acb\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cDatagramPacket<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u3002\u6784\u9020\u65f6\u82e5\u53d1\u751f\u7aef\u53e3\u51b2\u7a81\u4f1a\u629b SocketException<\/code>\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n
    DatagramSocket();\nDatagramSocket(int port);\nDatagramSocket(int port, InetAddress laddr);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    DatagramPacket(byte buf[], int length);\nDatagramPacket(byte buf[], int length, InetAddress addr, int port);\nDatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset, int length);\nDatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset, int length, InetAddress address, int port);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    buf \u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\uff0clength \u662f\u957f\u5ea6\uff0caddr \u548c port \u6307\u660e\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0coffset \u662f\u4f4d\u79fb\u3002\u63a5\u6536\u524d\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u751f\u6210 Packet\uff0c\u518d receive()<\/code> \u7b49\u5f85\uff08\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u5230\u6709\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, 256);\nsocket.receive(packet);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u53d1\u9001\u7528\u5e26\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u518d send()<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n
    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, length, address, port);\nsocket.send(packet);<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6784\u9020\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u65f6\u8981\u7ed9 InetAddress<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u7528 getByName()<\/code> \u4ece\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u5f97\u5230 IP\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u7ec4\u64ad MulticastSocket<\/h2>\n
    DatagramSocket<\/code> \u53ea\u80fd\u53d1\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002MulticastSocket<\/code> \u5141\u8bb8\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u5230\u8be5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u76d1\u542c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e7f\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5ba2\u6237\u65b9 MulticastClient.java\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4 230.0.0.1\uff0c\u5faa\u73af 5 \u6b21\u63a5\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
    import java.io.*;\nimport java.net.*;\npublic class MulticastClient {\n    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {\n        MulticastSocket socket = new MulticastSocket(4446);\n        InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(\"230.0.0.1\");\n        socket.joinGroup(address);\n        DatagramPacket packet;\n        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n            byte[] buf = new byte[256];\n            packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);\n            socket.receive(packet);\n            String received = new String(packet.getData());\n            System.out.println(\"Quote of the Moment:\" + received);\n        }\n        socket.leaveGroup(address);\n        socket.close();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b9\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    public class MulticastServer {\n    public static void main(String args[]) throws java.io.IOException {\n        new MulticastServerThread().start();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    MulticastServerThread\uff08\u539f\u6587 Private \/ FIVE_SECOND \/ getByte \u4e3a\u7b14\u8bef\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u5199\u6cd5\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import java.io.*;\nimport java.net.*;\nimport java.util.*;\npublic class MulticastServerThread extends QuoteServerThread {\n    private long FIVE_SECONDS = 5000;\n    public MulticastServerThread(String name) throws IOException {\n        super(\"MulticastServerThread\");\n    }\n    public void run() {\n        while (moreQuotes) {\n            try {\n                byte[] buf = new byte[256];\n                String dString = null;\n                if (in == null) dString = new Date().toString();\n                else dString = getNextQuote();\n                buf = dString.getBytes();\n                InetAddress group = InetAddress.getByName(\"230.0.0.1\");\n                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, group, 4446);\n                socket.send(packet);\n                try {\n                    sleep((long)(Math.random() * FIVE_SECONDS));\n                } catch (InterruptedException e) { }\n            } catch (IOException e) {\n                e.printStackTrace();\n                moreQuotes = false;\n            }\n        }\n        socket.close();\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
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