{"id":737,"date":"2015-06-01T14:56:11","date_gmt":"2015-06-01T06:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=737"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:09:34","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T04:09:34","slug":"%e7%bb%8f%e5%85%b8sql%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%a5%e5%a4%a7%e5%85%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/?p=737","title":{"rendered":"\u7ecf\u5178SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u7ecf\u5178SQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/a>\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5e93\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5206\u9875\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u539f\u6587\u6761\u76ee\u4fdd\u7559\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u67e5\u9605\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u504f SQL Server \/ DB2\uff0cMySQL \u6709\u5bf9\u5e94\u5199\u6cd5\u65f6\u8bf7\u81ea\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u5e93\u3001\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u89c6\u56fe<\/h2>\n

1. \u521b\u5efa \/ \u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n
CREATE DATABASE database-name\nDROP DATABASE dbname<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u5907\u4efd SQL Server<\/h3>\n
USE master\nEXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\\mssql7backup\\MyNwind_1.dat'\nBACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u5efa\u8868\u3001\u6309\u65e7\u8868\u5efa\u65b0\u8868\u3001\u5220\u8868<\/h3>\n
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key], col2 type2 [not null], ..)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5df2\u6709\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n
A\uff1acreate table tab_new like tab_old\nB\uff1acreate table tab_new as select col1,col2\u2026 from tab_old definition only\ndrop table tabname<\/code><\/pre>\n
4. \u52a0\u5217\u3001\u4e3b\u952e\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u89c6\u56fe<\/h3>\n
Alter table tabname add column col type<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5217\u589e\u52a0\u540e\u5c06\u4e0d\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u3002DB2 \u4e2d\u5217\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u6539\u7684\u662f\u589e\u52a0 varchar \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
Alter table tabname add primary key(col)\nAlter table tabname drop primary key(col)\ncreate [unique] index idxname on tabname(col\u2026.)\ndrop index idxname\ncreate view viewname as select statement\ndrop view viewname<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u60f3\u6539\u5fc5\u987b\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u57fa\u672c\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u4e0e\u805a\u5408<\/h3>\n
select * from table1 where \u8303\u56f4\ninsert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)\ndelete from table1 where \u8303\u56f4\nupdate table1 set field1=value1 where \u8303\u56f4\nselect * from table1 where field1 like '%value1%'\nselect * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]\nselect count(*) as totalcount from table1\nselect sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1\nselect avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1\nselect max(field1) as maxvalue from table1\nselect min(field1) as minvalue from table1<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e0e\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/h2>\n
UNION<\/strong> \u7ec4\u5408\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u5e76\u6d88\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u884c\uff1bUNION ALL \u4e0d\u6d88\u9664\u3002 EXCEPT<\/strong> \u7559\u4e0b\u5728 TABLE1 \u4f46\u4e0d\u5728 TABLE2 \u7684\u884c\uff1bEXCEPT ALL \u4fdd\u7559\u91cd\u590d\u3002 INTERSECT<\/strong> \u53ea\u7559\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u6709\u7684\u884c\uff1bINTERSECT ALL \u4e0d\u6d88\u91cd\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u884c\u5217\u5fc5\u987b\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n
left (outer) join<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\u5305\u62ec\u5339\u914d\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5de6\u8868\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUTER JOIN b ON a.a = b.c<\/code><\/pre>\n
right (outer) join<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5339\u914d\u884c\u548c\u53f3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002 full\/cross (outer) join<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
Group by<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u7ec4\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff08count\u3001sum\u3001max\u3001min\u3001avg\uff09\u3002SQL Server \u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5 text\u3001ntext\u3001image \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5206\u7ec4\u4f9d\u636e\uff1bselect \u91cc\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u80fd\u548c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u6bb5\u968f\u610f\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5206\u79bb \/ \u9644\u52a0 \/ \u6539\u540d<\/h3>\n
sp_detach_db\nsp_attach_db  -- \u540e\u63a5\u5e93\u540d\uff0c\u9644\u52a0\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u540d\nsp_renamedb 'old_name', 'new_name'<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u8fd0\u7b97<\/th>\n\u7ed3\u679c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
UNION<\/td>\n\u4e24\u8868\u884c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u53bb\u91cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNION ALL<\/td>\n\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u91cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCEPT<\/td>\n\u5728 A \u4e0d\u5728 B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INTERSECT<\/td>\nA \u4e0e B \u90fd\u6709<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEFT\/RIGHT\/FULL JOIN<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u5de6 \/ \u53f3 \/ \u4e24\u4fa7\u672a\u5339\u914d\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u590d\u5236\u3001\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5206\u9875<\/h2>\n
1. \u53ea\u590d\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6e90 a \u65b0\u8868 b\uff09<\/h3>\n
select * into b from a where 1<>1   -- \u4ec5 SQL Server\nselect top 0 * into b from a<\/code><\/pre>\n
2. \u62f7\u8d1d\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;<\/code><\/pre>\n
3. \u8de8\u5e93\u62f7\u8d1d\uff08Access \u53ef\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in '\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u5e93' where \u6761\u4ef6<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a..from b in ‘”&Server.MapPath(“.”)&”\\data.mdb” &’ where..<\/p>\n
4. \u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b )\nselect a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)<\/code><\/pre>\n
5. \u663e\u793a\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u63d0\u4ea4\u4eba\u548c\u6700\u540e\u56de\u590d\u65f6\u95f4<\/h3>\n
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b<\/code><\/pre>\n
6. \u5916\u8fde\u63a5 \/ \u5728\u7ebf\u89c6\u56fe \/ between \/ in<\/h3>\n
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUTER JOIN b ON a.a = b.c\nselect * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;\nselect * from table1 where time between time1 and time2\nselect a,b,c from table1 where a not between \u6570\u503c1 and \u6570\u503c2\nselect * from table1 where a [not] in ('\u503c1','\u503c2','\u503c4','\u503c6')<\/code><\/pre>\n
between \u9650\u5236\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\u5305\u62ec\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\uff0cnot between \u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u3002<\/p>\n
7. \u5220\u9664\u4e3b\u8868\u4e2d\u526f\u8868\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )<\/code><\/pre>\n
8. \u56db\u8868\u8054\u67e5<\/h3>\n
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....<\/code><\/pre>\n
9. \u65e5\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u63d0\u524d\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u63d0\u9192<\/h3>\n
select * from \u65e5\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392 where datediff('minute', f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4, getdate())>5<\/code><\/pre>\n
10. \u4e00\u6761 SQL \u5206\u9875<\/h3>\n
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 \u4e3b\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5,\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5 from \u8868\u540d order by \u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5 desc) a,\u8868\u540d b where b.\u4e3b\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5 = a.\u4e3b\u952e\u5b57\u6bb5 order by a.\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08top \u540e\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
declare @start int,@end int\ndeclare @sql nvarchar(600)\nset @sql='select top '+str(@end-@start+1)+' * from T where rid not in(select top '+str(@start-1)+' Rid from T where Rid>-1)'\nexec sp_executesql @sql<\/code><\/pre>\n
Rid \u4e3a\u6807\u8bc6\u5217\u3002top \u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u82e5\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u8868\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u8868\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8d70\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\u5148\u67e5\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
11. \u524d 10 \u6761 \/ \u6bcf\u7ec4\u6700\u5927\u503c<\/h3>\n
select top 10 * from table1 where \u8303\u56f4<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6bcf\u4e00\u7ec4 b \u503c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94 a \u6700\u5927\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u8bba\u575b\u6708\u6392\u884c\u3001\u70ed\u9500\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6309\u79d1\u76ee\u6392\u540d\u7b49\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n
select a,b,c from tablename ta where a=(select max(a) from tablename tb where tb.b=ta.b)<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u56db\u3001\u63d0\u5347\uff1a\u5dee\u96c6\u3001\u968f\u673a\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/h2>\n
12. EXCEPT \u591a\u8868\u5dee\u96c6<\/h3>\n
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)<\/code><\/pre>\n
13. \u968f\u673a 10 \u6761 \/ \u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()\nselect newid()<\/code><\/pre>\n
14. \u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n
delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)\n\nselect distinct * into temp from tablename\ndelete from tablename\ninsert into tablename select * from temp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7275\u8fde\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u5bfc\u5165\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u590d\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
alter table tablename\nadd column_b int identity(1,1)\ndelete from tablename where column_b not in(\n  select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)\nalter table tablename drop column column_b<\/code><\/pre>\n
15. \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8868\u540d \/ \u5217\u540d<\/h3>\n
select name from sysobjects where type='U'  -- U \u4ee3\u8868\u7528\u6237\u8868\nselect name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')<\/code><\/pre>\n
16. CASE \u900f\u89c6<\/h3>\n
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u793a\u610f\uff1a\u7535\u8111 A 1\uff1b\u5149\u76d8 B 2\uff1b\u624b\u673a C 3 \u7b49\u6309 type \u5206\u7ec4\u540e\u6a2a\u5411\u5c55\u5f00 vender\u3002<\/p>\n
17. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8868 \/ \u9009\u7b2c 10 \u5230 15 \u6761<\/h3>\n
TRUNCATE TABLE table1<\/code><\/pre>\n
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_\u522b\u540d order by id desc<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n
\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5e93\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u89c6\u56fe\u7528 DDL \u7ba1\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7528 SELECT\/JOIN\/GROUP\uff1b\u5206\u9875\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u968f\u673a\u3001CASE \u900f\u89c6\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u91cc\u6700\u5e38\u6284\u7684\u51e0\u6bb5\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f top \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7ecf\u5178SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u5e93\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5206\u9875\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6309\u539f\u6587\u6761\u76ee\u4fdd\u7559\u5168\u90e8\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u67e5\u9605\u3002\u8bed\u6cd5\u504f SQ […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[61],"tags":[192,62],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=737"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":738,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/737\/revisions\/738"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ai.zhousir.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}